The application and development of zk-SNARKs technology in the Blockchain field
Abstract
This article provides a systematic review of nearly forty years of historical literature and the latest research on zk-SNARKs technology (ZKP). It first introduces the basic concepts and historical background of ZKP, and then focuses on analyzing circuit-based ZKP technologies, including the design, application, and optimization methods of models such as zkSNARK, Ben-Sasson, Pinocchio, Bulletproofs, and Ligero. In the field of computational environments, this article introduces ZKVM and ZKEVM, discussing how they enhance transaction processing capabilities, protect privacy, and improve verification efficiency. The article also presents the working mechanisms and optimization methods of zero-knowledge Rollup as a Layer 2 scaling solution, as well as hardware acceleration, hybrid solutions, and dedicated ZK.